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Thursday, February 17, 2011

The Islamic Origins of Modern Science

Fourteen centuries ago, God sent down the Quran as a guide to all humanity. At the time the Arab society was in a state of complete degeneration, chaos and ignorance. They were a barbarous people who worshipped idols of their own making, believed warfare and bloodshed to be virtuous and were even capable of killing their own children. They had little interest in intellectual matters, let alone a scientific outlook to the natural world. However, through Islam they learned humanity and civilization. Not only the Arabs but all the communities which accepted Islam escaped the darkness of the age of ignorance and were illuminated by the divine wisdom of the Quran. Amongst the faculties the Quran brought to humanity was scientific thinking.

The Scientific Paradigm Given in the Quran

The genesis of scientific thought is the sense of curiosity. Because people wonder how the universe and nature work, they investigate and become interested in science. But most people lack this curiosity. For them, the important things are not the secrets of the universe and nature but their own small worldly profits and pleasures. In communities where people who think in this way are in charge, science does not develop. Idleness and ignorance rule.

  • Have they not looked at the camel-how it was created?

  • And at the sky-how it was raised up?

  • And at the mountains-how they were embedded?

  • And at the earth-how it is spread out?

  • So remind them! You are only a reminder. (Quran, 88: 17-21)

In many other verses of the Quran, people are instructed to examine nature and learn from it because people can know God only by examining His creations. Because of this, in one verse of the Quran Muslims are defined as people who think about the creation of the heavens and the earth:

Those who remember God, standing, sitting and lying on their sides, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth (saying): "Our Lord, You have not created this for nothing. Glory be to You! So safeguard us from the punishment of the Fire." (Quran, 3: 191)

An early manuscript of the Quran

As a result of this, for a Muslim, taking an interest in science is a very important form of worship. In many verses of the Quran, God instructs Muslims to investigate the heavens, the earth, living things or their own existence and think about them. When we look at the verses, we find indications of all the main branches of science in the Quran. For example, in the Quran, God encourages the science of astronomy:

He who created the seven heavens in layers. You will not find any flaw in the creation of the All-Merciful. Look again-do you see any gaps? (Quran, 67: 3)

In another verse of the Quran, God encourages the investigation of astronomy and the composition of the earth that is the science of geology:

Do they not look at the sky above them? How We have made it and adorned it, and there are no flaws in it? And the earth- We have spread it out, and set thereon mountains standing firm, and produced therein every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)-To be observed and commemorated by every devotee turning (to God). (Quran, 50: 6-8)

In the Quran, God also encourages the study of botany:

It is He Who sends down water from the sky from which We bring forth growth of every kind, and from that We bring forth the green shoots and from them We bring forth close-packed seeds, and from the spathes of the date palm date clusters hanging down, and gardens of grapes and olives and pomegranates, both similar and dissimilar. Look at their fruits as they bear fruit and ripen. There are Signs in that for people who believe. (Quran, 6:99)

In another verse of the Quran, God draws attention to zoology:

You have a lesson in livestock... (Quran, 16:66)

Here is a Quranic verse about the sciences of archaeology and anthropology:

Have they not traveled in the earth and seen the final fate of those before them? (Quran, 30: 9)

In another verse of the Quran, God draws attention to the proof of God in a person's own body and spirit:

There are certainly Signs in the earth for people with certainty; and in yourselves as well. Do you not then see? (Quran, 51: 20-21)

As we can see, God recommends all the sciences to Muslims in the Quran. Because of this the growth of Islam in history meant at the same time the growth of scientific knowledge.

The Scientific Renaissance of the Middle East

As we have mentioned, when the Prophet Mohammed (pbh) began to preach Islam, the Arabs were a community of ignorant, superstitious tribes. However, thanks to the light of the Quran they were rescued from superstition and began to follow the path of reason. As a result of this, one of the most astonishing developments in world history took place and in a few decades Islam, which emerged from the small town of Medina, spread from Africa to Central Asia. The Arabs, who previously could not even rule a single city in harmony, came to be rulers of a world empire.

One of the most important facets of this empire was that it provided the stage for a scientific development previously unmatched in history. At a time when Europe was living through the Dark Ages, the Islamic world created the greatest legacy of scientific knowledge seen in history to that date. The sciences of medicine, geometry, algebra, astronomy and even sociology were developed systematically for the first time.

Great centers of religious learning were also centers of knowledge and scientific development. Such formal centers began during the Abbasid period (750-1258 A.D.) when thousands of mosque schools were established. In the tenth century Baghdad had some 300 schools. Alexandria in the fourteenth century had 12,000 students. It was in the tenth century that the formal concept of the Madrassah (school) was developed in Baghdad. The Madrassah had a curriculum and full-time and part-time teachers, many of whom were women. Rich and poor alike received free education. From there Maktabat (libraries) were developed and foreign books acquired. The two most famous are Bait al-Hikmah in Baghdad (ca. 820) and Dar al-Ilm in Cairo (ca. 998). Universities such as Al-Azhar (969 A.D.) were also established long before those in Europe. The Islamic world created the first universities - and even hospitals - in the world.

This fact may be very surprising to modern Westerners, who generally have a different kind of picture about Islam in their minds. But this picture emerges from ignorance about the origins and history of the Islamic civilization. Those who get rid of this ignorance - and several prejudices - acknowledge the true nature of Islam. One example of these is a recent documentary film by PBS, titled Islam: The Empire of Faith, in which the commentator rightly states that:
In the unfolding of history, Islamic civilization has been one of humanity's grandest achievements... For the West, much of the history of Islam has been obscured behind a veil of fear and misunderstanding. Yet Islam's hidden history in deeply and surprisingly interwoven with Western civilization... It was they (Muslim scholars) who sewed the seeds of the Renaissance, 600 years before the birth of Leonardo da Vinci. From the way we heal the sick to the numerals we use for counting, cultures across the globe have been shaped by the Islamic civilization. 1

In an article published in Salon.com, a prominent voice of the liberal American media, author George Rafael writes in an article titled "A Is For Arabs" that; From algebra and coffee to guitars, optics and universities... the West owes to the People of the Crescent Moon... A millennium ago, while the West was shrouded in darkness, Islam enjoyed a golden age. Lighting in the streets of Cordoba when London was a barbarous pit; religious tolerance in Toledo while pogroms raged from York to Vienna. As custodians of our classical legacy, Arabs were midwives to our Renaissance. Their influence, however alien it might seem, has always been with us, whether it's a cup of steaming hot Joe or the algorithms in computer programs. 2

The Open-Mindedness of Islam

What allowed Muslims to create such an advanced scientific culture was derived from the faculties of the Islamic understanding. One of them was, as we have noted, the motive to learn about the universe and nature according to the Quranic principles. Another one was open-mindedness. Both the Quranic wisdom and the Prophetic teaching gave Muslims a global outlook to the world, overcoming all cultural barriers. In the Quran, God states:

Mankind! We created you from a male and female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you might come to know each other..." (Quran, 49:13)

This verse clearly encourages cultural relationships between different nations and communities. In another verse of the Quran is it stated that "Both East and West belong to Allah" (2:115), thus Muslims should see the world in a universalist and cosmopolitan vision.

The hadiths, or sayings, of the Prophet also encourage this vision. In a popular hadith, the Prophet tells Muslims that "wisdom is the lost property of the Muslims; he takes it from wherever he finds". This means that Muslims should be very pragmatic and broadminded in adapting and using the cultural and scientific achievements of non-Muslims; those non-Muslims are also creatures and servants of God, even they might not recognize so. The "People of The Book", i.e. Christians and Jews, are even much more compatible, since they believe in God and stick to moral code He revealed to man.

In the rise of Islamic science, the role of this open-mindedness is very clear to see. John Esposito of the Georgetown University, one of the most prominent Western experts on Islam, makes the following comment:

The genesis of Islamic civilization was indeed a collaborative effort, incorporating the learning and wisdom of many cultures and languages. As in government administration, Christians and Jews, who had been the intellectual and bureaucratic backbone of the Persian and Byzantine empires, participated in the process as well as Muslims. This "ecumenical" effort was evident at the Caliph al-Mamun's (reigned 813-33) House of Wisdom and at the translation center headed by the renowned scholar Hunayn ibn Isaq, a Nestorian Christian. This period of translation and assimilation was followed by one of Muslim intellectual and artistic creativity. Muslims ceased to be disciples and became masters, in process producing Islamic civilization, dominated by the Arabic language and Islam's view of life... Major contributions were made in many fields: literature and philosophy, algebra and geometry, science and medicine, art and architecture... Great urban cultural centers in Cordoba, Baghdad, Cairo, Nishapur, and Palermo emerged and eclipsed Christian Europe, mired in Dark Ages. 3

According to one of the great Muslim scholars of our time, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic science was "the first science of a truly international nature in human history". 4

Yet Muslims did not only incorporate other cultures, but developed their own. Some commentators neglect this and try to link the Islamic scientific development solely to the influence of the Ancient Greece or Far East. But the real source of Islamic science was the experimentation and observations of Muslim scientists. In his book The Middle East, Professor Bernard Lewis, an undoubted expert in Middle Eastern history, explains it as follows:
The achievement of medieval Islamic science is not limited to the preservation of Greek learning, nor to the incorporation in the corpus of elements from the more ancient and more distant East. This heritage which medieval Islamic scientists handed on to the modern world was immensely enriched by their own efforts and contributions. Greek science, on the whole rather tended to be theoretical. Medieval Middle Eastern science was much more practical, and in such fields as medicine, chemistry, astronomy and agronomy, the classical heritage was clarified and supplemented by the experiments and observations of the medieval Middle East. 5

As noted by Westerners, this advanced scientific culture of the Islamic world paved the way for the Western Renaissance. Muslim scientists acted in the knowledge that their investigation of God's creation was a path through which they could get to know Him. Esposito stresses that "Muslim scientists, who were often philosophers of mystics as well, viewed physical universe from within their Islamic worldview and context as a manifestation of the presence of God, the Creator and the source and unity and harmony in nature." 6 With the transfer of this paradigm and its accumulation of knowledge to the Western world, the advance of the West began.

The Theist Origins of Western Science

Medieval Europe was ruled by the dogmatic regime of the Catholic Church. The Church opposed freedom of thought and pressured scientists. People could be punished by the Inquisition simply for holding different beliefs or ideas. Their books were burned and they themselves were executed. The pressure on research in the Middle Ages is often referred to in history books, but some interpret the situation wrongly and claim that the scientists who clashed with the Church were against religion.

The truth is the exact opposite-the scientists who opposed the bigotry of the church were religious believers. They were not against religion, but against the harsh clericalism of the time.
For example, the famous astronomer Galileo, whom the Church wanted to punish because he stated that the world rotated, said, "I render infinite thanks to God for being so kind as to make me alone the first observer of marvels kept hidden in obscurity for all previous centuries." 7

The other scientists who established modern science were all religious. Kepler, regarded as the founder of modern astronomy, told those who asked him why he busied himself with science, "I had the intention of becoming a theologian... but now I see how God is, by my endeavors, also glorified in astronomy, for 'heavens declare the glory of God'". 8

As for Newton, one of the greatest scientists in history, he explained the reason underlying his zeal for scientific endeavor by saying:

"...He (God) is eternal and infinite, omnipotent and omniscient; that is, his duration reaches from eternity to eternity; his presence from infinity to infinity; he governs all things, and knows all things that are or can be done. …We know him only by his most wise and excellent contrivances of things... [W]e revere and adore him as his servants…" 9

The great genius Pascal, the father of modern mathematics, said that: "But by faith we know His (God's) existence; in glory we shall know His nature." 10

Many other founders of modern Western science were also strong believers. For example:

" Von Helmont, one of the leading figures in modern chemistry and the inventor of the thermometer, declared that science was a part of faith.

" George Cuvier, the founder of modern paleontology, regarded fossils as surviving proofs of the Creation and taught that living species had been created by God.

" Carl Linnaeus, who first systematized scientific classification, believed in the Creation and stated that the natural order was a significant proof of God's existence.

" Gregor Mendel, the founder of genetics, and also a monk, believed in Creation and opposed the evolutionary theories of his time, such as Darwinism and Lamarckism.

" Louis Pasteur, the greatest name in the history of microbiology, proved that life could not be created in inert matter and taught that life was a miracle of God.

" The famous German physicist Max Planck said that the Creator of the universe was God and stressed that faith was a necessary quality of scientists.

" Albert Einstein, regarded as the most important scientist of the twentieth century, believed that science could not be godless and said, "science without religion is lame."
A large number of other scientists who guided modern scientific progress were religious people who believed in God. These scientists served science with the intention of discovering the universe that God had created - a paradigm that was first developed and implemented in the Islamic world and then incorporated into the West. All these theist scientists thought about the creation of the heavens and the earth and investigated in the awareness of God - as God decreed in the Quran and the Bible. The birth of science and its development were the result of this awareness.
During the nineteenth century, however, this awareness was replaced by a misconception called materialism.

The Rise and Fall of the Materialist Deviation

The nineteenth century was a period that witnessed the greatest errors in human history. These errors began with the imposition on European thought of materialist philosophy, an ancient Greek teaching.

The greatest error of this period was Darwin's theory of evolution. Before the birth of Darwinism, biology was accepted as a branch of science that provided evidence of the existence of God. In his book Natural Theology, the famous author William Paley maintained that, to the extent that every clock proves the existence of a clockmaker, natural designs prove the existence of God.

However, Darwin rejected this truth in his theory of evolution. By distorting the truth to fit materialist philosophy, he claimed that all living things were the result of blind natural causes. In this way he created an artificial antagonism between religion and science.
In their book The Messianic Legacy, English authors Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln have this to say on the subject:

For Isaac Newton, a century and a half before Darwin, science was not separate from religion but, on the contrary, an aspect of religion, and ultimately subservient to it. …But the science of Darwin's time became precisely that, divorcing itself from the context in which it had previously existed and establishing itself as a rival absolute, an alternative repository of meaning. As a result, religion and science were no longer working in concert, but rather stood opposed to each other, and humanity was increasingly forced to choose between them. 11

Not only biology, but also branches of sciences such as psychology and sociology were twisted according to materialist philosophy. Astronomy was distorted according to the materialist dogmas of ancient pagan Greece; a metaphysical faith in an "eternal cosmos" came to be the norm. The new aim of science was to confirm materialist philosophy.

These incorrect ideas have dragged the scientific world into a dead end for the past 150 years. Tens of thousands of scientists from different branches worked in the hope of being able to prove Darwinism or other materialist theories.

But they were disappointed.
The scientific evidence showed the exact opposite of the conclusion they wanted to reach. That is, it confirmed the truth of Creation. Today the world of science is astonished by this truth. When nature is examined it emerges that there is a complex plan and design in every detail and this has cut away the foundations of materialist philosophy.

For example, the extraordinary structure of DNA shows scientists that it is not the result of blind chance or natural laws. The DNA in a single human cell contains enough information to fill a whole 900-volume encyclopedia. Gene Myers, a scientist from the Celera Company which administers the Human Genome Project, says this:

What really astounds me is the architecture of life… The system is extremely complex. It's like it was designed… There's a huge intelligence there. 12

This astonishment affects the whole scientific world. Scientists are viewing with surprise the invalidity of the materialist philosophy and Darwinism which they were taught as truth, and some of them are declaring this openly. In his book Darwin's Black Box, biochemist Michael Behe, one of the leading critics of Darwinism, describes the situation of the scientific world as follows:

Over the past four decades modern biochemistry has uncovered the secrets of the cell. The progress has been hard won. It has required tens of thousands of people to dedicate the better parts of their lives to the tedious work of the laboratory…

The result of these cumulative efforts to investigate the cell-to investigate life at the molecular level-is a loud, clear, piercing cry of "design!" The result is so unambiguous and so significant that it must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of science…

But, no bottles have been uncorked, no hands clapped. Why does the scientific community not greedily embrace its startling discovery? The dilemma is that while one side of the [issue] is labeled intelligent design, the other side must be labeled God. 13

The same situation exists in astronomy. The astronomy of the twentieth century has demolished the materialist theories of the nineteenth. First with the Big Bang theory, it emerged that the universe had a beginning, the moment of Creation. Since then it has been realized that in the universe there is an extraordinarily delicate balance which protects human life - a concept known as the anthropic principle.

For these reasons, in the world of physics and astronomy atheism is in rapid decline. As American physicist Robert Griffiths jokingly remarks: "If we need an atheist for a debate, I go to the philosophy department. The physics department isn't much use." 14

In short, in our day and age materialist philosophy is collapsing. Science is rediscovering certain very important facts rejected by materialist philosophy and in this way a new concept of science is being born. The "Intelligent Design" theory, which has been on a successful rise in the United States during the past 10 years, is a leading part of this new scientific concept. Those who accept this theory stress that Darwinism was the greatest error in the history of science and that there is an intelligent design in nature that gives evidence of Creation.

Conclusion

God created the entire universe, and the whole of creation shows humanity the signs of God. Science is the method of investigating what has been created, so conflict between religion and science - provided that religion is guided only by Divine revelation - is out of the question.

On the contrary, history shows that theism has been the main motive and paradigm for scientific progress. The two greatest scientific achievements in world history - the Islamic scientific endeavor of the Medieval Age and the Christian scientific leap of the modern era - stemmed from faith in God. Moreover, the latter borrowed a great deal of knowledge, method and vision from the former. The wisdom of the Quran first enlightened the Islamic world and then shed light even to the non-Muslim Europe. If something went wrong in the Islamic world, this was because Muslims turned away from the sincerity, wisdom and open-mindedness God teaches in the Quran.

The materialist paradigm is a deviation from this pattern. It arose in the 19th century, reached its peak in the mid-20th century and is on the brink of collapse today. No matter how arrogant and seemingly self-confident its supporters are, the materialist dogma and its main pillar, Darwinism, will inevitably perish in the upcoming decades.

And science will return to its authentic and true paradigm: A search for the discovery and definition of the great design and harmony in the natural world, the artifact of God.

___________________________________________

  1. Jonathan Grupper (series writer), Islam: Empire of Faith, A Documentary by Gardner Films, in association with PBS, 2001
  2. George Rafael "A is for Arabs", www.Salon.com, Jan. 8, 2002; http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2002/01/08/alphabet/
  3. John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, Oxford University Press, 1991, s. 52-53
  4. Quoted in Weiss and Green, p. 187
  5. Bernard Lewis, The Middle East, 1998, p. 266
  6. John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, s. 54
  7. Galileo Galilei, quoted in: Mike Wilson, "The Foolishness of the Cross," Focus Magazine)
  8. Johannes Kepler, quoted in: J.H. Tiner, Johannes Kepler-Giant of Faith and Science (Milford, Michigan: Mott Media, 1977), p. 197
  9. Sir Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Translated by Andrew Motte, Revised by Florian Cajore, Great Books of the Western World 34, Robert Maynard Hutchins, Editor in chief, William Benton, Chicago, 1952:273-74
  10. Blaise Pascal, Pensees, No. 233
  11. Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, Henry Lincoln, The Messianic Legacy, Gorgi Books, London: 1991, p.177-178
  12. San Francisco Chronicle, 19 February, 2001
  13. Michael J.Behe, Darwin's Black Box, New York: Free Press, 1996, p.231-232
  14. Hugh Ross, The Creator and the Cosmos, p. 123

Thursday, February 10, 2011

Perginya Seorang Ulama Islam: Syeikh Fathi Yakan


https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizhxouNdEZDqsuRmuOP1LrWNDmcSmfGcW_HN0rmiHyOQqiPZTu5QJITwzfItpJxR2T-eQ0xK_ck-husBdU9IYYpL7-NYlysLl6YLlwivI-P4vJeVIvGUK-n24-qXpDOfrlTyMVfnvBWcTl/s200/Fathi+Yakan.jpg

Umat Islam kembali kehilangan pejuangnya, Syeikh Fathi Yakan. Beliau meninggal pada hari Sabtu (13/06/2009) karena kondisi kesehatannya yang sudah menurun. Pemimpin Front Amal Islam di Lebanon ini merupakan tokoh pergerakan Islam yang karyanya banyak menjadi referensi para aktivis

Syaikh Fathi Yakan lahir di Tripoli pada 9 Februari 1933 dan di tempat kelahirannya pula jasadnya dimakamkan. Pria yang sudah mengarang lebih dari 35 buku yang diterbitkan ke berbagai bahasa tersebut meninggalkan empat orang putri dan satu orang putra.

Selain dikenal sebagai aktivis yang memiliki hubungan dekat dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin Mesir, pemegang gelar doktor ini juga terlibat aktif dalam beberapa misi perdamaian. Diantaranya adalah pada 1998-1999 dia bertindak sebagai mediator dalam proses perdamaian antara Syiria dengan Turki.

Ia sempat bekerja di Libanon pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an dan kemudian menjadi pelopor dalam pembentukan gerakan Islam. Ulama yang produktif menulis ini sempat terpilih menjadi anggota pada tahun 1992. Bukunya ‘Ihdzarû Al-Aids Al-Harakî (1989), menulis secara khusus kehancuran harakah (gerakan dakwah) di Libanon yang fenomenanya dirasakan hampir sama di beberapa negeri Muslim.

Buku-bukunya yang juga menjadi rujukan para aktivis. Diantaranya; Asas-Asas Islam, Komitmen Muslim Sejati, Robohnya Dakwah di Tangan Dai, Yang Berjatuhan di Jalan Da’wah, Membentuk Fikrah dan Visi Gerakan Islam, Prinsip-prinsip Gerakan Islam, Bahtera Penyelamat dalam Kehidupan Pendakwah, Islamic Movement: Problems and Prospectives, Ke Arah Kesatuan Gerakan Islam dan Komitmen Muslim Sejati.

Pendiri majalah al-Aman ini pernah memimpin demo besar-besaran untuk menjatuhkan PM Fuad Siniora yang menjadi “kaki tangan” Amerika. Ia juga memberi dukungan pada Gerakan Hizbullah, Libanon untuk melawan Israel. Pada 8 Desember 2006, Syaikh Yakan mengimami jamaah shalat Jumat Sunni dan Syiah sebagai simbol persatuan melawan PM Siniora.

Dalam kunjungannya ke Iran pada tahun 2007 dalam pakta pertahanan Arab dan Iran, Syaikh Yakan mengatakan, “Umat Islam seluruh dunia harus bersatu untuk melawan ancaman, agresi dan rencana jahat rezim Amerika Serikat dan Israel.” Dalam pertemuan itu, pejabat Lebanon juga memandang pentingnya pembentukkan gerakan perlawanan Islam yang anggotanya terdiri dari Syiah dan Sunni serta memperkuat perlawanan Islam di Irak.

Dalam karyanya yang berjudul Madzâ Ya’nî Intimâ`i lil Islâm, beliau menguraikan mengenai tiga jenis manusia: Pertama, manusia yang hidup hanya untuk dunia semata-mata. Kedua, manusia yang dalam hidupnya kehilangan pedoman, lalu kemudian melakukan penyimpangan dan kesesatan. Ketiga, manusia yang menganggap dunia ini sebagai ladang amal untuk di akhirat kelak.

Semoga kita semua masuk ke dalam golongan yang ketiga dan semoga Allah membalas segala amal Syaikh Fathi Yakan. Ilâhi Âmîn.

Sama2 kita sedekahkan Al-Fatihah kpd Al-Marhum Syeikh Fathi Yakan

Friday, February 4, 2011

Sebab Mata Lelaki Gemar Lihat Wanita : Pesanan Untuk Dia


Malam pasangannya siang,
Jaga pasangannya tidur,
Rajin pasangannya malas,
Dan lelaki pasangannya perempuan.

Kerana perempuan adalah
pasangan kepada lelaki,
maka Allah telah menciptakan bentuk badan wanita
itu dapat memikat hati lelaki.

Bila berkata tentang terpikat,
maka ia ada hubung kait dengan nafsu.
Jika ia ada hubungkait dengan nafsu,
ianya ada hubungan pula dengan bisikan syaitan.

Jadi untuk mengawal nafsu, mestilah dikawal dengan iman.
Untuk mendapatkan iman mesti menurut perintah
Allah dan RasulNya dan menjauhi laranganNya.

Pada mata lelaki, perempuan ini adalah simbol.
Simbol apa, semua orang tahu.
8Orang lelaki mempunyai imaginasi yang nakal jika
tidak dikawal dengan iman.
Maka mata lelaki ini selalu menjalar
apabila terlihat seorang perempuan.

Setiap bentuk badan seorang
perempuan boleh dihayati oleh seorang lelaki
dengan berbagai-bagai tafsiran nakal nafsu.
Apabila seorang lelaki terlihat seorang
perempuan, maka perkara pertama yang akan
dilihatnya ialah rambut wanita berkenaan.
Maka akan ditafsirlah berbagai2 cara oleh
seorang lelaki akan rambut wanita berkenaan.

Oleh kerana itulah wanita wajib menutup rambutnya.
Apabila rambut wanita itu telah ditutup, maka
mata lelaki itu akan turun ke bawah melihat
bentuk lehernya,
maka wajiblah wanita itu menutup lehernya.
Maka mata lelaki itu akan turun lagi
melihat bentuk payu daranya,
maka wanita itu berkewajipanlah menutup bentuk
payu daranya dengan melabuhkan tudungnya.

Setelah itu mata lelaki akan
turun lagi melihat
bentuk ramping pinggangnya,
maka labuhkanlah pakaian supaya tidak ternampak
bentuk pinggangnya,
maka mata lelaki itu akan melihat pula akan
bentuk punggungnya,
maka wajiblah wanita itu membesarkan pakaiannya
agar bentuk punggung tidak kelihatan, dan
lelaki itu akan pula melihat bentuk pehanya,
maka janganlah sesekali wanita itu memakai kain
yang agak ketat sehingga terlihat bentuk
pehanya walau sedikit,
maka akan dilihat lagi oleh lelaki itu akan
bentuk kakinya pula,
maka janganlah wanita itu berseluar, kerana
terus-terang pihak lelaki bercakap, walau
muslimah itu bertudung labuh, berbaju labuh,
jika beliau memakai seluar,walau nampak besar
sedikit, nafsu kami lelaki akan terusik secara
sepontan, entah tak tahu Kenapa?

Mata lelaki ini nakal, setelah tidak ternampak
akan bentuk kakinya,
maka akan dilihatlah pula akan mata lelaki itu kepada kakinya,
maka wajiblah wanita itu untuk menolong lelaki
itu tidak berdosa, menutup kakinya dengan
melabuhkan kain, atau memakai stokinyg warnanya
jangan sesekali berwarna kulit perempuan,
maka mata lelaki ini akan kembali ke atas,
akan melihat pula bentuk tangan wanita itu,
maka tolonglah wahai muslimah, agar melabuhkan
tudung menutupi bentuk tangannya yang indah pada pandangan lelaki.

Maka wahai lelaki,
janganlah pula kamu melihat mukanya,
kerana ia akan menimbulkan fitnah, kecuali jika
kamu wahai lelaki, ingin meminangnya.
Jika wanita itu cukup soleh, takut mukanya yang
cantik akan menimbulkan fitnah,
maka berpurdahlah kamu,
jika itu lebih baik untuk kamu.

Tetapi mata lelaki ini ada satu lagi jenis
penyakit,iaitu mata
lelaki itu akan tertangkap dengan sepontan jika
ia terlihat warna yang menyerlah atau terang
jika ianya berada pada perempuan.

Maka oleh itu wahai perempuan, tolonglah jangan
memakai pakaian yang warnanya terang-terangan sangat.
Jika hendak pakai pun, pakailah untuk suami.
Itulah wahai muslimah, jika anda semua ingin tahu
apakah dia mata lelaki itu, dan perlu
diingatkan, jika semua aurat telah ditutup,
jangan anggap tugas kita telah selesai, perlulah
pula kita menjaga kehormatan diri masing2,
jangan keluar seorang2,keluarlah dengan
mahram, atau keluarlah sekurang2nya 3 wanita agar
tidak diganggu gangguan luar, mata lelaki pula
janganlah menjalar langsung kepada muslimah,
walau muslimah itu telah menutup aurat,
insyaAllah selamat dunia akhirat.

Seperti firman Allah,"Dan tundukkanlah pandanganmu
dan jagalah kemaluanmu".
Dunia sekarang telah banyak yang cacat celanya,
sehingga ketaraf seseorang yang memakai tudung
masih beliau tidak menutup aurat, dan pada kaum
lelaki, mata kamu itu wajib untuk tidak
mencuri2 melihat wanita muslimah, kerana ia
dilarangi oleh Allah SWT.

Ingat-ingatkanlah wahai muslimin muslimat.
Sekilau-kilau berlian paling menarik untuk dicuri.
Seindah-indah ciptaan adalah yang paling sukar untuk dijaga.
Sesuatu yang berharga dan bernilai perlu dijaga dengan baik.
Semakin dibuka semakin kurang nilai harganya..
Bajailah ia dengan iman dan takwa semoga membuahkan hasil yang sungguh bernilai.


قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ذَلِكَ أَزْكَى لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ (٣٠)

30. Katakanlah (Wahai Muhammad) kepada orang-orang lelaki Yang beriman supaya mereka menyekat pandangan mereka (daripada memandang Yang haram), dan memelihara kehormatan mereka. Yang demikian itu lebih suci bagi mereka; Sesungguhnya Allah amat mendalam pengetahuannya tentang apa Yang mereka kerjakan.

(Surah An Nur : Ayat 30)


وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ وَلا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الإرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ وَلا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (٣١)



31. Dan Katakanlah kepada perempuan-perempuan Yang beriman supaya menyekat pandangan mereka (daripada memandang Yang haram), dan memelihara kehormatan mereka; dan janganlah mereka memperlihatkan perhiasan tubuh mereka kecuali Yang zahir daripadanya; dan hendaklah mereka menutup belahan leher bajunya Dengan tudung kepala mereka; dan janganlah mereka memperlihatkan perhiasan tubuh mereka melainkan kepada suami mereka, atau bapa mereka atau bapa mertua mereka atau anak-anak mereka, atau anak-anak tiri mereka, atau saudara-saudara mereka, atau anak bagi saudara-saudara mereka Yang lelaki, atau anak bagi saudara-saudara mereka Yang perempuan, atau perempuan-perempuan Islam, atau hamba-hamba mereka, atau orang gaji dari orang-orang lelaki Yang telah tua dan tidak berkeinginan kepada perempuan, atau kanak-kanak Yang belum mengerti lagi tentang aurat perempuan; dan janganlah mereka menghentakkan kaki untuk diketahui orang akan apa Yang tersembunyi dari perhiasan mereka; dan bertaubatlah kamu sekalian kepada Allah, Wahai orang-orang Yang beriman, supaya kamu berjaya.

(Surah An Nur : Ayat 31)


يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأزْوَاجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ جَلابِيبِهِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعْرَفْنَ فَلا يُؤْذَيْنَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (٥٩)

59. Wahai Nabi, suruhlah isteri-isterimu dan anak-anak perempuanmu serta perempuan-perempuan Yang beriman, supaya melabuhkan pakaiannya bagi menutup seluruh tubuhnya (semasa mereka keluar); cara Yang demikian lebih sesuai untuk mereka dikenal (sebagai perempuan Yang baik-baik) maka Dengan itu mereka tidak diganggu. dan (ingatlah) Allah adalah Maha Pengampun, lagi Maha Mengasihani.

(Surah AL Ahzab : Ayat 59)


يَا بَنِي آدَمَ قَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ لِبَاسًا يُوَارِي سَوْآتِكُمْ وَرِيشًا وَلِبَاسُ التَّقْوَى ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ (٢٦)

26. Wahai anak-anak Adam! Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkan kepada kamu (bahan-bahan untuk) pakaian menutup aurat kamu, dan pakaian perhiasan; dan pakaian Yang berupa taqwa itulah Yang sebaik-baiknya. Yang demikian itu adalah dari tanda-tanda (limpah kurnia) Allah (dan rahmatNya kepada hamba-hambaNya) supaya mereka mengenangnya (dan bersyukur).

(Surah AL A'raaf : Ayat 26)

Akhir kalam,Wahai wanita Muslimah jagailah pakaian mu dan akhlak mu supaya mudah Muslimin menjaga mata dan nafsunya.

Wallahua'lam.

PESANAN UNTUK DIA


Wednesday, February 2, 2011

Kebangkitan Rakyat Mesir Menegakkan Keadilan

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4oTjs-o_MekI89j2b23kG8lvCWn6cAaDfRQcEd7t9SPR_Ade9MXUK7hJtSxKf9Ap6aeB8ynpplu5v67zTSa9q-yfDWjb3_5OIGtCTfF5pB0_xbpgUg8bO1cudO0cUOL1YJXrJ47sC5gH8/s1600/201112616396346965_21.jpg

Demontrasi Tunisia telah memberi inspirasi kepada ribuan penunjuk perasaan di Mesir pada Selasa lepas.Para demostran berkumpul di Kota Kaherah dan kota-kota besar lainnya.Antaranya ialah Mansoura, Damanhur, Tanta, Suez dan selainnya.

Ratusan ribu rakyat membanjiri kota-kota Mesir menyeru pembaharuan dan menuntut pengusiran Hosni Mubarak, Perdana Menteri Mesir.Rakyat ditindas, segelintir para demonstran anti-kerajaan melemparkan batu ke arah petugas-petugas keamanan.Sementara itu, mereka melaungkan slogan-slogan pengusiran Hosni Mubarak yang telah memegang tampok pemerintahan selama 30 tahun.Dilaporkan juga, seorang polis meninggal dunia ekoran akibat kepalanya pecah terkena lontaran batu para demonstran.Manakala trak-trak polis memacu penyembuh air dan meriam air untuk membubarkan ribuan demostran di Kaherah.

Menurut fakta yang diperolehi, rakyat Mesir meningkat 2 % pada setiap tahun shingga
didominasi oleh kaum muda 60 % dan diantaranya berumur di bawah 30 tahun, mereka adalah dari kalangan kelompok yang mencecah 90% dari total penganggur di Mesir.Manakala sekitar 40 %, rakyat Mesir hidup dengan tidak lebih dari 2 Dolar AS per hari dan sepertiga darinya buta huruf.

25 Jan 2011 merupakan Hari Cuti Mesir dan sekaligus dinobatkan sebagai "Hari Kemarahan" atau "Anger In Egypt".Demostran menamakan hari tersebut sebagai "Hari revolusi melawan penyiksaan, kemiskinan, rasuah dan pengangguran".Demonstrasi yang berlaku dalam aksi anti-pemerintah tidak pernah terjadi sejak kenaikan Hosni Mubarak sebagai tampok pemerintahan iaitu setelah Anwar sadat dibunuh oleh kaum radikal.Antara lokasi pertemuan para demonstrasi besar-besaran di Kaherah bertempat di lokasi Central Tahrir Square, Kampus Universiti Cairo, dan bangunan mahkamah.

Antara elemen pencetus kebangkitan rakyat Mesir ialah INTERNET.Laman-laman sosial menjadi faktor utama kebangkitan rakyat Mesir.Di laman sosial Facebook, pemuda-pemuda meluahkan rasa tidak puas hati terhadap negara yang diperintah oleh Hosni Mubarak.Begitu juga sepertimana yang berlaku di Tunisia.Antara penyebab tumbangnya Tunisia, disebabkan terbongkarnya penyeludupan harta kerajaan melalui sumber Wikileaks yang dilakukan oleh Zainal Abidin Ben Ali, bekas Perdana Menteri Tunisia.Ketika gelombang kejatuhan Tunisia,laman Twitter disekat di negara tersebut.Sumber utama seperti Twitter dan Facebook telah menjadi metode utama digunakan oleh para demonstran.

Mahmoud Khayrat,23 yang telah menghadirkan diri semasa protes di Kaherah, pemuda itu telah memaklumkan kepada Al-Jazeera, Adam Makary " Kita ingin kerajaan yang berfungsi, kita ingin Mubarak untuk berundur, kita tidak mahu lagi undang-undang darurat, kita tidak mahu hidup di bawah penindasan seperti ini lagi" Katanya.
"Cukuplah, cukup, keadaan ini harus berubah, dan tika Tunisia boleh melakukannya, kenapa kita tidak boleh?" Khayrat menambah.

Demonstrasi yang berlaku tidak ada kaitan dengan gerakan Ikhwanul Muslimin.Di laman sosial Facebook menyatakan "Hari ini untuk semua rakyat Mesir". Lebih 30 000 rakyat berkumpul di Tahrir untuk bersama-sama dalam demonstrasi tersebut.Laporan dari Al-Wafd Daily melaporkan, polis telah menangkap 600 orang ketika demonstrasi di adakan pada Selasa lalu yang bertempat di lokasi Kaherah,Alexandria, Port Said, Tanta, AL-Mahala, Al-Bukhairah.Dan jumlah kesemua para demonstran mencecah lebih dari 200 000 rakyat Mesir di seluruh kota.

Syeikh al-Qaradawi seru Mubarak lepas jawatan

Ketua Kesatuan Antarabangsa Cendekiawan Muslim, Syeikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, meminta Presiden Mesir Hosni Mubarak agar mengangkat kaki secara pilihan sebelum beliau akan pergi secara paksaan.

Beliau perlu mengambil pengajaran dari nasib Presiden Tunisia, Zine el Abidine Ben Ali. Syeikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi menggambarkan sistem pemerintahan Mesir sebagai tidak mengerti dan tidak berfikir.Ianya buta tidak melihat, tuli tidak mendengar, serta bodoh tidak memahami.

Al-Qardhawi menyeru Mubarak melalui al-Jazeera katanya, "Undurlah, wahai Mubarak, jika ada di hatimu sedikit rasa belas kasih, atau ada dalam kepalamu sedikit akal yang berfikir".

Beliau meminta Mubarak agar merasa belas kasihan terhadap dirinya sendiri serta ahli keluarganya.

Kuasa kerajaan itu jika dianggap sebagai peluang keemasan maka cukuplah tempoh tiga puluh tahun itu, dan jika dianggap sebagai hukuman denda pula, maka cukuplah juga tempoh tiga puluh tahun itu.

Al-Qaradhawi menyarankan Mubarak agar melepaskan kepimpinan serta meninggalkan Mesir yang sudah kerugian dan kehilangan wangberbilion-bilion.

"Jangan kamu hancurkannya dan duduk di atas kehancuran tersebut. Pergilah, wahai Mubarak".

Beliau menambah bahawa puluhan pemuda telah gugur dalam tempoh satu hari dalam menuntut hak mereka, "Tapi kamu dan askar kamu pula telah membalas mereka dengan peluru hidup."

Al-Qaradawi menambah, "Tidak ada lagi tempat untukmu, wahai Mubarak. Saya minta kamu untuk keluar mengangkat kaki", untuk diadili dan dibicara sesudah itu oleh mahkamah awam dan bukannya oleh mahkamah tentera, "yang kamu bina untuk mendakwa pihak lawanmu, lalu kamu menghukum mereka dengan hukuman yang zalim", di bawah undang-undang darurat, dan sesungguhnya "bagi orang zalim itu ada kesudahnnya, dan tidak ada seorang pun yang mampu untuk melawan sejarah. "

Syeikh al-Qaradawi menganggap bahawa Mubarak tidak memahami mesej dari rakyat, malah keluar dengan ucapan yang menunjukkan bahawa ia tidak merasakan apa yang terjadi.

Dia berada "dalam dunia yang bukan dunia kita, tidak merasa kelaparan orang yang lapar, atau kesakitan orang yang terluka," dan mempersoalkan pula faedah untuk membubarkan kerajaan, sementara ia tidak mengatakan apa yang seharusnya dikatakan iaitu membubarkan Dewan Syura dan Dewan Rakyat serta menghapuskan undang-undang darurat.

Rakyat dan Tentera

Dalam ucapannya, al-Qaradhawi mengalu-alukan rakyat Mesir atas kebangkitan mereka melawan situasi korup yang telah banyak mereka bersabar terhadapnya, seperti kesabaran mereka melihat ramai orang mengaut kekayaan negara serta menikmati keuntungannya, sedangkan mereka tidak mampu mencari makanan harian mereka.

Beliau menggambarkan kebangkitan rakyat Mesir sebagai pemberontakan secara aman, tidak ada kayu mahupun senjata, bagi menuntut kehidupan yang lebih baik serta rezeki yang halal, akan tetapi mereka dikejutkan pula dengan peluru hidup dari pihak pengawal keamanan, menyebabkan puluhan orang terbunuh.

Beliau menekankan bahawa para penunjuk perasaan yang sebenar tidak bertanggungjawab menyertai sebarang kes PENCURIAN ATAU PENJARAHAN.

Beliau menasihati mereka, "Janganlah kamu sekali-kali memanjangkan tangan pada mana-mana harta milik institusi awam ataupun swasta, kerana itu adalah HARAM."

Beliau turut menyatakan rasa bangga dan hormat terhadap tentera Mesir serta menyeru mereka untuk melindungi negara Mesir di masa mendatang tanpa campur tangan dalam hal pemerintahan.

Beliau menuntut pihak tentera agar menyerahkan hal kuasa pemerintahan kepada rakyat dan pemilihan presiden dibuat sesuai dengan dasar-dasar syura dan juga demokrasi.

Sumber: al-Jazeera.

* Perkembangan pelajar Mesir, lawati blog ini :

http://krisismesirnasibrakyatkita.blogspot.com/2011/01/update-2158pm-3112011-isnin-gmt-8.html?showComment=1296485530107#c6545707048507969717





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